National Arts Festival - 2. Tony Lankester. National Arts Festival - 2. Published on May 1. The programme of South Africa's 2. National Arts Festival, to be held in Grahamstown from 3. June - 1. 0 July 2.

Henry Ford - Wikipedia. Henry Ford (July 3. April 7, 1. 94. 7) was an American captain of industry and a business magnate, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and the sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. Although Ford did not invent the automobile or the assembly line,[1] he developed and manufactured the first automobile that many middle class Americans could afford. In doing so, Ford converted the automobile from an expensive curiosity into a practical conveyance that would profoundly impact the landscape of the 2. Century. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry.

As the owner of the Ford Motor Company, he became one of the richest and best- known people in the world. He is credited with "Fordism": mass production of inexpensive goods coupled with high wages for workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as the key to peace. His intense commitment to systematically lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations, including a franchise system that put dealerships throughout most of North America and in major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the Ford Foundation and arranged for his family to control the company permanently. Ford was also widely known for his pacifism during the first years of World War I, and for promoting antisemitism through his newspaper The Dearborn Independent and the book The International Jew. Early life. Henry Ford was born July 3.

Greenfield Township, Michigan.[2] His father, William Ford (1. County Cork, Ireland, to a family that was originally from Somerset, England,[3] His mother, Mary Ford (née Litogot; 1.

Michigan as the youngest child of Belgian immigrants; her parents died when she was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings were Margaret Ford (1. Jane Ford (c. 1. 86. William Ford (1. 87. Robert Ford (1. 87. His father gave him a pocket watch in his early teens. At 1. 5, Ford dismantled and reassembled the timepieces of friends and neighbors dozens of times, gaining the reputation of a watch repairman.[4] At twenty, Ford walked four miles to their Episcopal church every Sunday.[5]Ford was devastated when his mother died in 1.

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Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Easily share your publications and get. Early life. Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm in Greenfield Township, Michigan. His father, William Ford (1826–1905), was born in County Cork, Ireland.

His father expected him to eventually take over the family farm, but he despised farm work. He later wrote, "I never had any particular love for the farm—it was the mother on the farm I loved."[6]In 1.

Ford left home to work as an apprentice machinist in Detroit, first with James F. Flower & Bros., and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Co. In 1. 88. 2, he returned to Dearborn to work on the family farm, where he became adept at operating the Westinghouse portable steam engine.

He was later hired by Westinghouse to service their steam engines. During this period Ford also studied bookkeeping at Goldsmith, Bryant & Stratton Business College in Detroit.[7]Marriage and family. Henry Ford in 1. 88. Ford married Clara Jane Bryant (1.

April 1. 1, 1. 88. They had one child: Edsel Ford (1. Career. In 1. 89.

Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company. After his promotion to Chief Engineer in 1. These experiments culminated in 1. Ford Quadricycle. Watch Megan Leavey Online Fandango. He test- drove it on June 4. After various test drives, Ford brainstormed ways to improve the Quadricycle.[1. Also in 1. 89. 6, Ford attended a meeting of Edison executives, where he was introduced to Thomas Edison.

Edison approved of Ford's automobile experimentation. Encouraged by Edison, Ford designed and built a second vehicle, completing it in 1. Backed by the capital of Detroit lumber baron William H. Murphy, Ford resigned from the Edison Company and founded the Detroit Automobile Company on August 5, 1.

However, the automobiles produced were of a lower quality and higher price than Ford wanted. Ultimately, the company was not successful and was dissolved in January 1. With the help of C. Harold Wills, Ford designed, built, and successfully raced a 2. October 1. 90. 1. With this success, Murphy and other stockholders in the Detroit Automobile Company formed the Henry Ford Company on November 3.

Ford as chief engineer.[1. In 1. 90. 2, Murphy brought in Henry M. Leland as a consultant; Ford, in response, left the company bearing his name. With Ford gone, Murphy renamed the company the Cadillac Automobile Company.[1. Teaming up with former racing cyclist Tom Cooper, Ford also produced the 8.

Barney Oldfield was to drive to victory in a race in October 1. Ford received the backing of an old acquaintance, Alexander Y. Malcomson, a Detroit- area coal dealer.[1. They formed a partnership, "Ford & Malcomson, Ltd." to manufacture automobiles. Ford went to work designing an inexpensive automobile, and the duo leased a factory and contracted with a machine shop owned by John and Horace E.

Dodge to supply over $1. Sales were slow, and a crisis arose when the Dodge brothers demanded payment for their first shipment.

Ford Motor Company. In response, Malcomson brought in another group of investors and convinced the Dodge Brothers to accept a portion of the new company.[1. Ford & Malcomson was reincorporated as the Ford Motor Company on June 1. The original investors included Ford and Malcomson, the Dodge brothers, Malcomson's uncle John S.

Gray, Malcolmson's secretary James Couzens, and two of Malcomson's lawyers, John W. Anderson and Horace Rackham.

Ford then demonstrated a newly designed car on the ice of Lake St. Clair, driving 1 mile (1. Convinced by this success, the race driver Barney Oldfield, who named this new Ford model "9.

Ford brand known throughout the United States. Ford also was one of the early backers of the Indianapolis 5. Model TThe Model T was introduced on October 1, 1. It had the steering wheel on the left, which every other company soon copied. The entire engine and transmission were enclosed; the four cylinders were cast in a solid block; the suspension used two semi- elliptic springs. The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to repair.

It was so cheap at $8. American drivers had learned to drive on the Model T.[1. Ford created a huge publicity machine in Detroit to ensure every newspaper carried stories and ads about the new product. Ford's network of local dealers made the car ubiquitous in almost every city in North America. As independent dealers, the franchises grew rich and publicized not just the Ford but the concept of automobiling; local motor clubs sprang up to help new drivers and to encourage exploring the countryside. Ford was always eager to sell to farmers, who looked on the vehicle as a commercial device to help their business.

Sales skyrocketed—several years posted 1. Always on the hunt for more efficiency and lower costs, in 1. Ford introduced the moving assembly belts into his plants, which enabled an enormous increase in production. Although Ford is often credited with the idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and its development came from employees Clarence Avery, Peter E.

Martin, Charles E. Sorensen, and C. Harold Wills.[1. See Ford Piquette Avenue Plant)Sales passed 2. By 1. 91. 6, as the price dropped to $3. Using the consumer price index, this price was equivalent to $7,8. A 1. 92. 6 Ford T Roadster on display in India.

By 1. 91. 8, half of all cars in America were Model T's. All new cars were black; as Ford wrote in his autobiography, "Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black".[1. Until the development of the assembly line, which mandated black because of its quicker drying time, Model Ts were available in other colors, including red. The design was fervently promoted and defended by Ford, and production continued as late as 1. This record stood for the next 4. This record was achieved in 1.

Model T (1. 90. 8). President Woodrow Wilson asked Ford to run as a Democrat for the United States Senate from Michigan in 1.